Gene Smalley and the Watchtower's Blood Transfusion confusion
Recent communication with a whistle-blower from Watchtower headquarters in Brooklyn who has been there many years, and is privy to certain information from their Legal Dept., reveals hitherto unknown secrets regarding the controversial blood transfusion doctrine among Jehovah’s Witnesses.
The Watchtower's ban on blood transfusions first appeared suddenly in 1945, in spite of the founder C.T. Russell’s statements that Biblical references (including those in the book of Acts ch. 15) to disapproval of the use of blood did not apply to modern Christians. (see The Watchtower, April 1, 1909, page 116, 117).
Why, then, did the Watchtower decide to ban the transfusing of blood, which has no relevance to the Old Testament law of prohibiting the eating of blood (because blood represented life)? After all, the primary purpose of the transfusing of blood is to SAVE LIVES, not to DEMEAN life as was the slaughtering of animals wantonly in ancient times. (Orthodox Jews today, considering themselves still under the Law Covenant, will not eat blood but have no objections to blood transfusions for this very reason.) Was this “new light” from Jehovah, or was it the agenda of primarily one man inside the headquarters of the Watchtower Bible & Tract Society in Brooklyn, New York?
Could one man be responsible for a new doctrine that has cost the lives of unknown thousands of unwitting victims over the last few decades?
What many people are not aware of (unless they have worked at Watchtower headquarters) is that policies are dictated by a crony system among the loyal aged leadership. This practice began in the days of J. F. “Judge” Rutherford from the very beginning when he sought to wrest control of the organization in a political coup after the death of C.T. Russell. Those loyal to Rutherford were granted positions of greater responsibility, whereas those loyal to Russell were ousted as “opposers of the truth.”
This practice continued under the presidency of Nathan Knorr and his resident seer, Frederick W. Franz, who was responsible for much of the “new light” that came out after the death of Rutherford. Knorr was never much for Biblical exegesis, and was happy to leave almost all matters of theology to Franz. Franz was known among old timers at Bethel as the ghost writer for many of the books written post-Rutherford. The concept was that the “new light” now came directly from Jehovah by means of his “holy spirit” via the “faithful and discreet slave” (the supposed 144,000 chosen to be of the “heavenly calling” and who were supposed to be feeding the “sheep at the proper time”).
Though Fred Franz was well-known among many old timers in the organization to be the author of many of the books printed by the Watchtower, little is known about other contributors to doctrinal changes that also lived, and still live, at the Watchtower headquarters. One of these men is Gene Smalley. He is by and large the author of this “new light” on blood transfusions.
The “new light” on blood transfusions has changed considerably and often over the last few decades, for two specific reasons.
1) Inaccuracy of research on the issue from a scientific and medical standpoint, and
2) for legal reasons that implicate the Watchtower Society in the unnecessary deaths of many individuals whose lives could have been saved by a blood transfusion. In the early decades of this doctrine most of the changes were due to corrections on inaccuracies, but in recent decades the Legal Dept. of the Watchtower has had some influence on the doctrine itself.
In addition, many countries that would have banned Jehovah’s Witnesses as a religion because of denying life-saving transfusions have been issued public relations statements that would seem to indicate that Jehovah’s Witnesses are not PROHIBITED from having blood transfusions, but do so as a PERSONAL CHOICE. (Of course, if they make the personal choice to HAVE a blood transfusion, they are immediately shunned and considered as excommunicated, but this is not mentioned in their PR campaigns.)
However, one should not assume that the powers that be in the Watchtower are in total agreement with each other. As early as the mid-70s it was well-known among insiders that the Service Dept., which handles matters such as policing the organization and disfellowshipping/ shunning, was at times at odds with the Writing Dept., who were often more concerned with Biblical accuracy rather than controlling the flock.
In recent years the Watchtower's Legal Dept. has had to butt heads with the Governing Body over many doctrines that have caused them legal problems with lawsuits and with the legal status of the organization in emerging democracies such as Bulgaria, Russia, etc. In order to retain certain teachings while appearing to allow their members much freedom in matters of doctrine and conscience, the Watchtower Society has had to publish one set of rules to their followers, yet another to the public media and the governments.
It is noteworthy to mention that the Watchtower is not averse to using what they call “theocratic warfare,” which is defined as not disclosing to the enemy what they are not deserving to hear (in this case, the enemy can be anyone who is not favorable to the Watchtower Society, such as “worldly “ governments and news reporters).
Gene Smalley has been loyal to the old-timers at Bethel and continues to be, and many of them will side with him over the Legal Dept. or with any threats to the blood doctrine. The Legal Dept. is a necessary evil to the Governing Body, only because they need to do business with the outside world, which they consider to be completely controlled by Satan the devil. So it is not surprising that Gene stood in the way of the WT attorneys that were assigned to handle blood cases to do what was right. Apparently the Governing Body listened to Gene and not to their attorneys. Even today the attorneys have a problem with the GB taking their advice.
Maybe when all the old GB are gone, there might not be any loyalty towards Smalley, who tends to make enemies of certain people. But it will take a huge win in a blood lawsuit filed against the Watchtower to really make a difference regarding the blood injunction.
Jehovah’s Witnesses will avidly defend the modern-day revisions of the blood doctrine. Yet few actually realize how much it has changed over the years, nor are they able to explain all the recent changes. It is simply too confusing to try and ascertain what the Watchtower is really asking of them from one year to the next. At present, one can transfuse virtually all components of blood separately, but not altogether at once. It is sad that because of the ever-changing and confusing explanations of the doctrine as to what is a matter of conscience and what isn’t, many Witnesses (due to fear of being destroyed at Armageddon for disobedience) would rather not have ANY blood fractions transfused and take the risk of death, for they believe they will be resurrected in the “new system” when Jehovah destroys all the governments of their earth along with all non-believers.
Can one man be largely responsible for the death of untold thousands? The history of authoritarian religions in our century, with their stringent rules and harsh penalties to those who don't comply, is evidence enough.
Randall Watters
Posted by
DannyHaszard Friday, March 30, 2007 - 11:31
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Comments
Reply to Sparks' questions (not intended as an argument, merely a reply):
I went through the following verses in search of the place where god prohibits humans from blood transfusion. I looked up these verses in their bible called " New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures".
Leviticus 17:10, 11
Leviticus 3:17
Leviticus 17:13, 14
Leviticus 11:4-8, 13; 17:15;
Deuteronomy 23:12, 13
Deuteronomy 12:23-25; 15:23;
Leviticus 7:26, 27;
Ezekiel 33:25
1 Samuel 14:31-35
Genesis 9:3-6
Isaiah 48:17
Acts 15:22-29
Acts 21:25
Acts 15:29
In no where it was mentioned that blood should not be transfused.It all says that blood is vital, precious and should not be eaten. Its one of the interpretations that happened in 16th century that they termed transfusion being similar to taking blood orally. But if you see, drinking blood goes into digestive system and it is proven that our digestive system will kill most of the components of blood and take the nutrients and send it to blood. On the other hand, if you pass blood into veins, it is reaching circulatory system which goes UNALTERED. So there is a significant difference between eating / drinking blood and taking it through veins.Also if we drink blood there is a chance that we end up taking in hormones and enzymes which can affect our body. So it is logical not to drink blood but the argument of considering drinking as transfusion is baseless. Any JWs reading this please let me know.
Some of the components from blood are solely left to one's personal choice. Why so? If the person chooses the transfusion and survives, what will happen to him. To my knowledge he will be ousted from org. So watchtower is not giving choice to their followers but they are giving a choice like thing to satisfy governments, so that they don't ban them. Any JWs reading this please explain.
WTs articles say that blood transfusion kills hundreds of people. Think about the number of people that were saved by blood transfusions. It will be in ten thousands.
Bible does not give human the right to kill himself (think of Juda's case). But if JW stops the doctor from giving blood to him/her (assume that is the ONLY option available), is he/she not trying to kill themselves, which is a suicide and prohibited according to bible.(Exodus 20:13)?
Is this WT concept condradicting what bible says ? Why are they interpreting things incorrectly.Any JWs reading this please explain.
As per WT/Bible, Jehovah does not have a figure and cannot be drawn or painted or sculptured. But how organizational publishings have the pictures of an old man which leads to be believed as Jehovah. Why is that so? Any JWs reading this please explain.
In the magazines and other publications from WT, they have the views of organization rather than bible. There is no need to interpret bible, as bible itself says that there is no need for no one or no additional material to know it. So the role of organization and its publishings are merely enforcing and preaching their words under the cover of god's name. Is it not wrong?
JWs please explain.
Watchtower has been foretelling that world is about to end and 1914 prophecy and so on.
I searched entire watchtower website for biblical proof for these things, but there is none. What is the basis for this? Some of the earlier publications say that these words are Jehovah's and slaves in Bethel get them through Jeh's holy spirit and write it out.If they are foretelling, then it is not against bible?
There are so many discrepancies that exist with JW and WT. Every religion in this world should have started as a cult with few people following it and growing it.Hundreds and thousands of cults were started in the history of humanity but look at how many have grown into full fledged religion or sect of a religion. As time proceeds, most of these cults will fade away due to their out dated policies (classical example is the WT's policy on blood transfusion) or obsolete practices which the followers will dislike and start loosing their faith. But if the cult is dangerous to society due to their preachings, philosophies and practices, we need to critically evaluate them and take a firm stand against them, which would include ban if not more. By taking an affirmitive action, we are not intruding in the religious freedom of its followers, but we are freeing them from the clutches of their cults!
Thanks,
Kris
Why do you remove coments that you can not give a reasonable ancer to Danny. You are souch a coward and very hateful, and I expect this to be removed like my last post.
Surviver
Danny blog author's reply to davidl7
The Watchtower WILL excommunicate you if they find out a baptized JW has had a transfusion.To deny this and say it's a "personal conscience matter" is a lie.
It is the Watchtower that has heaped controversy on itself with it's arbitary flip-flopping decisions on what "parts" aka fractions of Blood are allowed and disallowed.
If you go by the old testament it says to pour ALL the blood onto the ground as dust as it is ALL sacred to God.So,where does the Watchtower get the authority to decide what "parts" of something that is sacred can be used??
Moreover,no question it's better and more healthy not to put another persons blood or any body parts into your body if you don't need it.In cases of emergency trauma such as in a car crash if I lose 3-4 pints of blood i will die without a emergency transfusion there is no time for fancy modern gadgets or vitamin supplements.
Case in point,I had a 'totalproctocolectomy' major surgery and did all the things you JW's suggest to build up and prep my body for surgery and had two pints of blood on standby that my skilled surgeon did not have to use.BUT I had 3 months to prepare for the surgery.
Some cases need life-saving Blood emergency transfusions and the watchtower say's NO.
Just a few comments from my own personal understanding regarding blood transfusions and changes in arguments that I have seen pro and con regarding the Jehovah's Christian Witness position on blood transfusions. Numerous bible passages clearly state we must not eat blood. In Gen. 9:3,4 , when God first allowed humans to eat animals, he specifically said that the meat combined with blood cannot be eaten "only flesh withits soul - its blood- you must not eat." So blood was considered sacred, representing the life or soul of the animal. That human blood was also considered is seen by the context of Genesis chapter 9. In verse 6 it clearly say that human blood must not be shed, we must not kill our fellowman. Several other OT texts clearly state that blood must not be eaten; animal blood was to be poured on the ground. Lev. 17:10, 11 says that anyone who ate "any sort of blood" was to be "cut off from among the people." Witnesses understand that those Bible texts clearly indicate that blood must not be eaten. They also cannot in good conscience accept a blood transfusion because they feel that is the same as being fed blood (which carries nutrients) intravenously. Theoretically, a starving patient can get the nutrients his body needs with a blood transfusion since blood contains nutrients that it carries.
Earlier arguements against the Witness understanding of those Bible texts were quite weak. Those who disagreed with their point of view would state that the prohibtion of eating blood only applied to the nation of Israel, or the Jews, and not to Christians. Witnesses, however, would righly point out that Gen. 9:3,4, the first prohibition against blood, was written prior to the Mosaic law, and therefore applies to all humankind since then. And most importantly, the Chrisitan congregation emphasized the law of not eating blood as applying to them. In Acts 15:19, 20, 28,29, Christians were told that they must abstain from blood. Now, those who disagreed with the Witness' position would state that the decreed in Acts 15 was only temporary, only applying to first century Gentile Christians, so as not to offdend the "sensitivity" of Jewish Christians. That argument, generally advocated by Evangelicals and Catholicss, as well as others, was extremely weak. The fact is the decreed in Acts also stated that Christians had to abstain from fornication and idolatry, something which everyone knows were never temporary. Those are moral commands that apply to Christians for all time; therefore, the blood law must be permanent also, as Witnesses pointed out.
In the early 1990's, the Witneses publishing arm publishing an article which stated that Christians may decide for themselves whether or not to accept minor blood components, although major blood components such as red blood cells was seen as clearly condemned in the Bible. At the point, those who disagreed with the Witnesses said, if they allow some components they might as well allow all components. But, as some Witneses have pointed out, most transfusions are based on the major blood components. Minor components, such as vitamin K which is found naturally in vegtable sources, can be used if it does not bother a Christian's conscience, since it is also found naturally in non-blood sources. (see site by Witness apologist with more details at http://www.e-cepher.com/papers/treasure/bloodparts.html). Witnesses argue, if medical technology can separate vitamin E from the rest of the blood, does that still make vitamin E blood? In the same way some Chrisitans feel that accepting vitamin K, a blood clotting factor, is not wrong since it was separate from whole blood. So depending on one's concience a Witness may or may not accept certian components. Unlike what others state, the WT is not "controlling" Witnesses. Witnesses know what the Bible says, and have come to their own conclusions, agreeing with what has been written in the Bible as advocated by the Watchtower, the Christian publishing arm of Jehovah's Witnesses. I also think, that by allowing minor components more freedom is given to the individuals, and at the same time it does not appear to be violating the law of abstaining from blood.
Some like to point out that the Orthodox Jews don't eat blood, but accept transfusions, therefore, there can be nothing wrong with them. But again, Witneses who have studied the Bible and have decided for themselves what it clearly says, to "abstain from blood", do not see any difference between eating blood via the mouth, or taking blood via the viens intranvenously. Interestingly, many people of the Jewish faith that I have spoken to wil say that they understand the Witness point of view when they are quoted the muliple Bible texts dealing with not eating and abstaining from blood. One Pentecostal who demanded to know why we do not believe in blood transfusions, after hearing about a case about a Witness at work, accepted the biblical explanation she was given, and even said that she herself would not in conscience accept a blood transfusion. The fact is the words of Acts 15:19, 20, 28,29 and the OT texts regarding not eating blood are very powerful texts and, people reading them literrally and understand the simple meaning of those words, come to the conclusion that blood transfusions are wrong.
Regarding the individual who stated Witneses do not donate to the Red Cross: Yes, but Witnesses have donated hundreds of blood salvage machines to hospitals and medical facilities around the world. Those machines, much like a diaslysis machine, immediately transport a patient's own blood back to his or her body. Those machines have helped thousands of both Witness and non-Witness patients who refuse blood transfusions.
Brenda Lee, "Out of the Cocoon: A Young Woman's Courageous Flight from the Grip of a Religious Cult"
www.outofthecocoon.net (contact me through my website for more interesting facts about the Watchtower organization)
Witnesses were once fighters for certain good things in our laws, but the organization has evolved full circle into a bunch of hypocritical old men who remain in a severely retarded Victorian world where they hole up and say, "We are the only true religion!" and yet the soup stinks. They are declining the last two years in many parts of the earth due to THIS, the internet, the very thing they are encouraged to avoid because it makes them look so bad. Follow any of the links about Jehovah's Witnesses in the search engines and you will find the record of false prophecies, flip-flops in doctrine, phony dates, and bloodguilt over wrongful deaths, including those from following their ever-changing stance on blood transfusions. This religion is POISON folks! Keep your distance and keep your sanity.
"We just don't know what makes people snap sometimes." Sometimes we do, at least in the case of Jehovah's Witnesses. They have a distorted view of life and death, waiting every moment for Armageddon, not planning for the future, believing that Jehovah will destroy billions of people soon who do not accept the teachings of the Watchtower and its aging leadership, believing that whatever happens Jehovah will resurrect them to a perfect state, denying life-saving blood transfusions, and the list goes on. Fortunately they are in decline and will never recover due to poor management.
The Real Reason Jehovah’s Witnesses Refuse Blood Transfusions
If you were to ask Jehovah’s Witnesses why they would refuse a blood transfusion they will explain that it is because of what the Bible says about blood. They usually refer to Acts 15:20 where it says "abstain from blood" and reason that transfusing blood is not abstaining from blood.
But they don’t realize that what the Bible says about blood is not the real reason why they refuse blood transfusions. That real reason only shows up when looking at what Jehovah’s Witnesses always do when the Watchtower Society stops teaching something. For example…
For decades they believed that it was "the Creator’s promise" in the Bible that the New World will be here before the generation of 1914 passes away. They said they believed this because of what Jesus said at Matthew 24:34 about "this generation will not pass away until all these things (including the New World) occur." But in November of 1995 the Watchtower Society stopped teaching such a thing. What did Jehovah’s Witnesses then do?
If the real reason they believed that teaching was because it was truly based on the Bible, then even though the Society stopped teaching it, Witnesses should have continued to believe it anyway. But they didn’t. They all stopped believing it the moment the Society stopped teaching it. What does this show?
This shows that the real reason why they believed that teaching was because that’s what the Watchtower Society was teaching. They started believing it when the Society started teaching it and they stopped believing it when the Society stopped teaching it. Therefore what the Bible says at Matthew 24:34 is not the real reason they believed it.
Again, this is what Jehovah’s Witnesses always do when the Society starts and stops teaching something. While they are teaching something they call it "a true teaching of the Bible." But when they stop teaching it it is called "old light." This is the way it has always worked with the Watchtower religion.
Is there any reason to believe that it is any different with the Society’s current teaching about blood transfusions? Do Witnesses believe that transfusions are against God’s Law because of what it says at Acts 15:20, or because this is what the Watchtower Society happens to be teaching at the present time? Here too the real reason will only show up if the Society ever changes what it teaches about blood transfusions.
Why are they so willing to change what they believe whenever the Watchtower Society changes what teaches? I feel that former Governing Body member Raymond Franz has the answer on page 296 of his "Crisis of Conscience" where he said…
"I believe that Jehovah's Witnesses are, in effect, the captives of a concept. The concept or mental image they have of ‘the organization’ seems almost to take on a personality of its own, so that the concept itself controls them, moves them, or restrains them, by molding their thinking, their attitudes, their judgments…The …concept of ‘the organization’… becomes, in fact, the dominant, controlling force."
Without realizing it, their belief that the Watchtower Society is "God’s organization" – rather than the Bible - is what dominates and controls what they believe. That concept causes them to believe that whatever comes to them from the Watchtower Society is coming from God Himself since this is the organization he is using to teach them everything they need to know. As long as they believe that concept they will remain captives of it.
Don
Watchtower picks and chooses what "parts" of blood can be transfused by it's arbitary man made regulations.
Thousands of Jehovah's Witnesses including many minor children are ALREADY DEAD because of the Watchtower's twisted flip-flopping blood transfusion ban.
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Bottom line -- Jehovah's Witnesses DO USE BLOOD products from the donations of the Red Cross and other collection agencies but don't donate back.
Smalley wrote the entire 1990 Watchtower booklet on blood, "How Can Blood Save Your Life?, the one that Kerry Louderback-Wood wrote her essay about which she titled, "Jehovah's Witnesses, Blood Transfusions and the Tort of Misrepresentation." The essay appeared in the Journal of Church and State, Autumn 2005 issue. The information about who wrote the blood booklet came from a a Legal Dept. staff member who was complaining about Smalley having the ear of certain GB members and that's why they won't listen to any Watchtower attorneys who have problems with the accuracy of some statements in the blood booklet.
Smalley is also author of Watchtower "Questions from Readers" columns. And many blood doctrine announcements and changes have been found there since 2000. It is assumed that any other statements about blood and blood fractions in the Watchtower originate with Smalley or are passed through Smalley's hands for editing because he's resident expert.
Also, notice Watchtower physician, Dr. Schiller's published reply to an article which appeared in the April 2007 issue of ANESTHESIA & ANALGESIA where in paragraph two of his reply he comments about a "1981 position paper" which appeared in JAMA written by Dixon and Smalley. Schiller quotes that JAMA paper where Dixon and Smalley explain that Witnesses "rule out transfusion of whole blood, packed RBCs, and plasma, as well as WBC and platelet administration.
However, Witnesses' religious understanding does not absolutely prohibit the use of components such as albumin, immune globulins, and hemophiliac preparations; each Witness must decide individually if he can accept these." Incidentally, on page 30-1 of the 1990 blood booklet can be found an article written by Dr. J. Lowell Dixon, "Blood: Whose Choice And Whose Conscience?" where in paragraph 7 is a quote taken from Dixon and Smalley's 1981 JAMA "position paper." Further, Gene Smalley appears in the recently released documentary, "Knocking" CD extras where there's an interview with Smalley. That documentary features the positive side of Jehovah's Witnesses and their blood transfusion doctrine.
In conclusion, we see Smalley as author of "How Can Blood Save Your Life? booklet; author of "Questions From Readers" columns which have discussed answers to specific blood transfusion and blood product questions; interview in "Knocking" documentary CD extra where his blood expertise shines through; and a blood "position paper" that appeared in a 1981 JAMA article. So there is ample evidence of Smalley's blood thumbprint found in Watchtower no-blood management theories as discussed in Watchtower literature.